Diabetic Meal Planning
There are several different systems available for meal
planning to people with diabetes. These systems include a consistent
carbohydrate diabetes meal plan, exchange lists, point systems, food groups,
and calorie counting. No matter what system is used it must take into
account the diabetics individualized eating habits, diet history, food
values, and special needs.
Altering foods and meal patterns are often one of the most difficult parts
of diabetes management; careful consideration of individualized preferences
enhances compliance with the diet. Although the ADA recommends that a
registered dietician should prepare the diabetic meal plan the diabetic
should be an active part of their food choices as well.
The consistent-carbohydrate diabetic meal plan is replacing the more
traditional exchange list plan with the idea that focusing on carbohydrate
content is an important part of a diabetic meal plan. With this in mind the
diabetic eats a similar amount of carbohydrates at each meal or snack each
day, based on an individual diet plan and the diabetic food pyramid.
Carbohydrates in a meal have the most effect on blood glucose levels
immediately after a meal. They also determine, to a greater extent than
proteins and fats, insulin requirements before meals. With this type of diet
plan a diabetic must learn to count carbohydrates in order to administer the
proper amount of insulin prescribed by their doctor. This method provides a
better connection between food, medications, and exercise.
The exchange list diet is based on the diabetic's ideal weight, activity
level, age, and occupation. These factors determine the total kilocalories
that the diabetic may consume each day. After the calories have been
determined, the proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are
calculated, using guidelines established by the American Diabetes
Association and the American Dietetic Association.
The distribution of foods throughout the day is based on exchange lists. The
name and quantity of food that make up one exchange (or serving) are listed;
standard household measurements are used. One food portion on the list can
be substituted or exchanged for another with very little difference in
calories or the amount of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The exchange
list meal plan prescribes how many exchanges are allowed for each food group
per meal and snacks.
These types of diabetic meal plans are a great way for the person with
diabetes to control their disease and live a more normal life. | 
